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AFINAL, O QUE É MOTIVAÇÃO?

 

 

Escrito por Luiz Marins   

 

Em quase todas as reuniões de empresa que participo, os dirigentes falam que seus funcionários precisam de "motivação".  Muitos me pedem "programas de motivação" para seus empregados.

Afinal, o que é motivação? Como conseguir empregados motivados? Serão salários altos? Serão programas de incentivo? O que fazer?

A primeira coisa que precisamos deixar bem claro é que ninguém "motiva" ninguém. É a própria pessoa que se auto-motiva. Motivar é ter "motivos". Ter motivos para trabalhar, para se dedicar, para se comprometer, para querer vencer, para querer aprender, para se dedicar àquilo que faz.

O que a empresa deve e pode fazer é criar as contingências necessárias à motivação. Isto quer dizer criar um "clima" em que as pessoas sintam-se motivadas a empreender e fazer o que seja necessário. Nas pesquisas que temos feito com várias empresas temos visto que o salário e um bom pacote de remuneração é importante - sem isso, como fator básico, é muito difícil conseguir-se empregados motivados. Mas o salário e benefícios pecuniários e que tais, não são suficientes. Conheço empresas em que as pessoas ganham muito e não são totalmente comprometidas com o sucesso da empresa, de seus clientes, de seus mercados, de suas marcas.

 

 Temos visto que os principais fatores de motivação hoje são AUTONOMIA E INICIATIVA.  A empresa deve ser capaz de oferecer a seus funcionários a autonomia necessária para que possam exercer sua criatividade e tomar decisões e até, como temos dito, errar. Sem autonomia, as pessoas sentem-se numa rotina massacrante que embota a criatividade e faz com que elas não se comprometam com o que fazem. Dê o nome que quiser: empowerment ou delegação. Mas promova a autonomia em sua empresa. Deixe as pessoas tentarem, experimentarem, fazerem

O segundo é a iniciativa. A iniciativa é uma decorrência direta da autonomia. Há que se valorizar funcionários que tenham iniciativa. Um grande empresário me disse: "Prefiro empregados que tenho que 'segurar' do que empregados que tenho que 'empurrar'."  Numa empresa em que a iniciativa é punida ou desencorajada não pode haver motivação.

O ser humano precisa de desafios. Quer ser desafiado. Quer poder fazer, tentar, experimentar e só assim sentirá orgulho de si próprio. Esse "orgulho" é que o fará um ser "motivado".

 

 Nesta semana, pense nisso. Dê autonomia e iniciativa a seu pessoal e você verá a diferença e conhecerá uma empresa em que as pessoas são "motivadas".

 

AS ARMADILHAS DO EXCESSO DE PENSAMENTO POSITIVO

Escrito por: Luiz Marins

 

David Collinson, professor da Lancaster University Management School, da Inglaterra, publicou na revista Leadership (vol.8 n.2 - May 2012) um inte- ressante artigo chamado ''A Liderança Prozac e os Limites do Pensamento Positivo''.


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Register to read more...

ATINGINDO OBJETIVOS E METAS

 

Escrito por: Luiz Marins, PH.D. 

Na noite anterior à caçada, os aborígines australianos, com quem vivi e estudei durante mais de um ano, fazem a dança da caça onde uma parte do grupo faz o papel da caça e outra parte o dos caçadores.


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SOCIÓLOGOS E SOCIÓLOGROS

 

 





Autor: Klauber Cristofen Pires   


O artigo que se desdobra a seguir tem como objetivo formular uma crítica ao capítulo 15 da obra Sociologia Geral(1) intitulado “Degradação Social, Globalização e Neoliberalismo”, de autoria de Eva Maria Lakatos. O livro tem como co-autora Marina de Andrade Marconi, todavia, aparentemente, ela não tem participação no capítulo em comento, conforme se entende a partir da “Nota da Autora à 6ª Edição”, às fls. 19 e 20.



Atualmente faz-se largo uso da obra acima citada para ministério nas escolas de 2º grau e no meio acadêmico de diversas graduações. Não terá sido esta a primeira vez a haver diferenças entre o pensamento econômico e o sociológico. Todavia, além da necessária exposição doutrinária - frise-se, discordante - o que pretendemos apreciar aqui são características extrínsecas ao estrito debate intelectual, relacionadas mais propriamente com o exame de veracidade das informações contidas no texto e com o uso sistemático de ocultações e imposturas que tornam difícil a percepção por neófitos.



De início, chamamos a atenção pela qual, num mesmo capítulo, “Degradação Social, Globalização e Neoliberalismo” a autora “aborda três temas diferentes”, aliás, como ela mesma afirma logo no seu primeiro parágrafo, à página 320. Soa-nos estranha esta decisão: um mesmo título deve, por coerência, propor relações entre os objetos a serem tratados. Dado que não há, em princípio, nenhuma limitação de ordem editorial para tratar um assunto em um capítulo e outro assunto no capítulo seguinte, como oportunamente recomendaria a boa técnica, por qual razão a autora teria se decidido por abarcar “Degradação Social” com “Globalização” e “Neoliberalismo”? Será que não estamos diante de uma mensagem subliminar?



Adiante, já que se decidiu por tratar do neoliberalismo como uma doutrina filosófica e econômica, porquê a autora só o escolheu em específico como alvo de sua análise? Não teria sido aconselhável apresentar ao aluno as diferentes correntes ideológicas vigentes na atualidade, num capítulo à parte? Ou isto não seria lhe teria sido conveniente em face da escolha por ter associado o “neoliberalismo” com “degradação social”?



A seguir, a autora, sem mais nem menos, coloca a seguinte afirmativa: “Foi contrário ao estatismo e ao socialismo. Propiciou a exploração dos fracos pelos fortes” (p. 335). Note-se aqui a inserção totalmente desvinculada de qualquer critério ou defesa. A autora simplesmente colocou a sua opinião, totalmente descompromissada com uma demonstração apriorística ou empírica.



Logo adiante, Lakatos faz em duas frases três afirmações que valem a pena um comentário mais detido (p.335):

 

O Neoliberalismo surgiu depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial na Europa e América do Norte (Estados Unidos e Canadá), quando dominava o capitalismo clássico do século passado.


O texto original do Neoliberalismo encontra-se no livro O caminho da servidão, de Milton Friedman e Hayek, escrito em 1944.

A começar, não há quem, dentre as diversas "correntes liberais", intitule a si mesmo como “neoliberal”. Há algumas diferenças entre os que se inclinam para o liberalismo clássico, ou da “escola de Chicago” ou entre os da chamada “escola austríaca”, todavia, os preceitos fundamentais permanecem os mesmos, de modo que a alcunha “neoliberal” deve-se não a eles mesmos, mas a seus adversários ideológicos, os adeptos de teorias socialistas. Na verdade, há algo mais sobre este fato, que será comentado com mais detalhes logo adiante.



A seguir, O caminho da servidão não foi escrito por Milton e Hayek, mas apenas por Hayek. Aliás, como poderia Friedman colaborar com Hayek, se aquele morava em Chicago e este em Londres? Ora, as únicas formas de comunicação possíveis naquele tempo seriam a carta e o telégrafo. Sabido que o primeiro cabo telefônico ultramarino só foi inaugurado em 1953, a comunicação por telegramas sairia cara demais e as cartas levariam meses para enviadas (lembrar que estamos em na Segunda Guerra Mundial, sendo que os navios só viajavam em comboio, sob risco de serem alvejados pelos U-boats alemães).



Mas isto não é o mais substancial. Por quê seria O caminho da servidão o “texto original do neoliberalismo”? Ora, este livro não tratava da fundação de uma nova corrente doutrinária e nem ao menos representa a realização mais profunda do economista austríaco vencedor do Prêmio de Ciências Econômicas em Memória de Alfred Nobel de 1974. Tratava, isto sim, de fazer um alerta à população, sobre o perigo que as práticas intervencionistas representavam para tornar propícia a instauração de regimes totalitaristas. Dada a sua linguagem simples, veio a se tornar um best-seller porque foi dirigido prioritariamente aos ingleses, então já bastante cientes dos “cartões-postais” V1 e V2 que o regime nazista de Hitler lhes enviava. Frise-se: em toda a obra, não há uma única menção sequer ao termo “neoliberal” ou “neoliberalismo”. Para quem quiser conferir, basta baixar gratuitamente a versão digitalizada em português, no site Ordem Livre (http://www.ordemlivre.org) ou no meu blog Libertatum(http://libertatum.blogspot.com).



Muito pelo contrário, à página 16 da 3ª edição de O caminho da servidão(2), Hayek alerta para o uso da palavra “liberal”, que ele atribui ao sentido original do século XIX, e não no sentido corrente norte-americano, que traduz justamente o inverso:

 

O fato de que este livro foi escrito com vistas apenas ao público inglês não parece ter prejudicado seriamente sua inteligibilidade pelo leitor americano. Há, porém uma questão de terminologia sobre a qual devo aqui dar uma explicação, a fim de prevenir mal-entendidos. Uso a todo momento a palavra "liberal" em seu sentido originário, do século XIX, que é ainda comumente empregado na Inglaterra. Na linguagem corrente nos Estados Unidos, seu significado é com freqüência quase o oposto, pois, para camuflar-se, movimentos esquerdistas deste país, auxiliados pela confusão mental de muitos que realmente acreditam na liberdade, fizeram com que "liberal" passasse a indicar a defesa de quase todo tipo de controle governamental. Interrogo-me ainda, perplexo, sobre a razão pela qual os que de fato crêem em liberdade neste país não só permitiram que a esquerda se apropriasse desse termo quase insubstituível, mas chegaram a colaborar nessa manobra, passando a usá-lo em sentido pejorativo. Isso é lamentável sobretudo porque daí resultou a tendência de muitos verdadeiros liberais a se autodenominarem conservadores. (grifos nossos)

Hayek é um dos ícones do liberalismo “austríaco”, discípulo de Ludwig von Mises; ora, se alguma obra haveria de ser considerada fundante, seria talvez Ação Humana(3), um magistral tratado no qual o grande mestre judeu-austríaco lança a Praxeologia (estudo da ação humana) e demonstra a inviabilidade do sistema econômico socialista pela impossibilidade de serem praticados preços de mercado.



Oportunamente, Ludwig von Mises também faz o mesmo alerta contra a confusão terminológica propositada, e explica a sua origem de forma insofismável no prefácio da 3ª edição de Liberalism in The Classical Tradition(4), aqui traduzido para conforto:

 

O termo “liberalismo”, do latim “líber” significando “livre”, refere-se originalmente à filosofia da liberdade. Ainda manteve-se na Europa quando este livro foi escrito (1927) de modo que os leitores que abriram suas capas esperavam uma análise da filosofia da liberdade do liberalismo clássico. Desafortunadamente, contudo, em décadas recentes, “liberalismo” tem vindo a significar algo muito diferente. A palavra foi roubada, especialmente nos Estados Unidos, por socialistas filosóficos e usada por eles para se referir à intervenção governamental e a programas de “bem-estar social”. Como um exemplo dentre muitos possíveis, o ex Senador dos EUA Joseph S. Clark Jr., quando era prefeito da Filadélfia, descreveu a moderna posição “liberal” muito francamente nestes termos: (grifos nossos)


Para afastar um fantasma logo de início e dirimir a semântica, um liberal é aqui dfinido como alguém que acredita na utilização de toda a força do governo para o avanço da justiça social, política e econômica nos níveis municipal, estadual, nacional e internacional…um liberal crê que o governo é uma ferramenta própria para usá-la no desenvolvimento de uma sociedade que busca carregar os princípios cristãos de conduta em efeitos práticos. (Atlantic, Julho, 1953, p.27). (5)

Como se pode compreender concretamente, o termo “liberal”, nos Estados Unidos, representa uma corrente ideológica de esquerda, e portanto, totalmente estranha à doutrina liberal. Com efeito, tradutores e repórteres brasileiros mal-informados ou mau-intencionados freqüentemente têm tomado esta classe de “novos liberais” e suas políticas decorrentes (eles são numerosos no seio do partido democrata), como os representantes do liberalismo, pecado ou engodo que Eva Lakatos deu continuidade, como se lê à p. 337: “A própria política neoliberal não significa diminuição da intervenção do Estado, mas redirecionamento que reforça as desigualdades e as contradições sociais”.



Neste sentido, a corrente que se fixou no Brasil com o início do governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso pode até propriamente ser tida como neoliberal, porém, não no sentido dos adeptos da filosofia da liberdade, mas sim no da corrente política norte-americana de linha estatista e intervencionista. O fato de que tenham sido realizadas várias privatizações naquele período dizem muito pouco e confundem um cidadão desinformado.



O fato é que o Brasil estava vivendo uma fase de colapso, com grande endividamento interno e externo, falta de crédito devido à moratória e a hiperinflação herdadas de José Sarney, e a venda das estatais, então absolutamente ineficientes, representava uma chance de obtenção de receita, ao mesmo tempo em que se tornava inadiável alguma correção de rumo no tocante à prestação dos serviços públicos (um mero telefone fixo chegava a custar mais de US$ 10,000.00 – dez mil dólares – no mercado paralelo). Importante lembrar, por exemplo, que a companhia de navegação Lloyd Brasileiro era um buraco negro tão grande que absolutamente ninguém ofereceu nada por ela, mesmo após três tentativas de leilão, resultando que teve de ser extinta por “canetada”, o que representou um prejuízo ao erário na ordem de centenas de milhões de dólares.



Naquela época, as correntes socialistas mais pragmáticas já haviam percebido a total inexeqüibilidade da aplicação dos preceitos socialistas no campo econômico, e uma inversão de estratégia teria lugar para aceitar a propriedade e a administração das empresas a cargo de particulares, enquanto o estado(6) passaria a se voltar para a vida privada dos cidadãos, com o dinheiro dos impostos. Efetivamente, a carga tributária do país, desde o início do primeiro mandato de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, subiu aproximadamente 13 pontos percentuais (de 25 a 38%) até os dias atuais, e a voracidade normativa adquiriu feições bizarras, a ponto de serem editadas, só na área tributária, mais de trinta e seis novos atos normativos por dia (mais de treze mil ao ano)! (7)

 

Bom, pra quem acha que viu tudo, ainda há mais, como, por exemplo, na seguinte frase, à p. 339:

 

A política neoliberal não tem como objetivo único apenas proporcionar boas oportunidades comerciais às empresas dos países desenvolvidos. É também uma forma de assegurar que os países do Terceiro Mundo sejam uma fonte de suprimento e insumos estratégicos, como petróleo, metais raros, minerais nucleares e material genético.

Aqui não dá para não perceber a adesão de Lakatos à teoria da dependência colonialista, segundo a qual os países pobres são explorados por servir como fonte de matéria-prima. Ora, o que a história empiricamente tem demonstrado é justamente o contrário: cada vez mais, as indústrias estão se transferindo dos países desenvolvidos para os países em desenvolvimento, em busca de menores custos tributários e trabalhistas, com destaque para a China, a Índia, a Malásia, Indonésia e Tailândia, e até mesmo o Brasil e o México. Ademais, o fato de um país pobre comerciar recursos extrativistas somente dá conta da medida em que tem condições atualmente de participar, dentro da ordem natural das coisas; porém, com o tempo, poderá passar a abrigar primeiro as indústrias de menor tecnologia e maior necessidade, como as confecções e as fábricas de alimentos, para então paulatinamente incorporar plantas mais complexas. Ninguém será capaz de negar a pujança econômica e tecnológica atual da Austrália, porém ela começou exatamente como o Nordeste brasileiro: plantando cana e criando cabras e ovelhas!



Pedimos paciência, porque ainda não finalizamos. Na mesma página, a socióloga prega as propostas do neoliberalismo nos seguintes termos:

 

c – debilidade do governo; 
(...)
f - intervenção econômica;
(...)
h – atrelamento da moeda ao dólar (ou outra eventual moeda forte);
(...)
i – redução superávit comercial;

Fico a pensar porque alguém, em sã consciência, propugnaria pela “debilidade” do governo. Do dicionário eletrônico do Aurélio, buscamos os seguintes significados para o termo “debilidade”: [Do lat. debilitate.] S. f. 1. Qualidade ou estado de débil; falta de vigor ou energia (física ou psíquica); fraqueza. 2. Frouxidão, tenuidade, leveza. Nossa pergunta é: por que motivo a autora afirmou isto, se já havia enumerado no item “a” a “reforma e redução do Estado”? Por quê os liberais propugnam pela fraqueza ou frouxidão do governo? Não está para nós respondermos...



Além disso, se há algo que justamente os liberais não defendem, é a intervenção econômica. (Estou falando dos liberais verdadeiros, claro). “Atrelamento da moeda ao dólar?” De onde será que a douta socióloga tirou isto? Pois o que Hayek (o fundador do “neoliberalismo”, na cabeça da Sra Lakatos) e os demais liberais austríacos defendem é o retorno ao padrão-ouro(8), em contraposição à emissão de papel-moeda de curso legal forçado e inconversível(9).

 

Quanto aos itens f (intervenção econômica) e i (redução do superávit comercial), a autora realiza um verdadeiroloop do nonsense. Ora, ela mesma já havia informado à página 336 que “os neoliberais, considerando esta interferência como a principal crise do sistema capitalista de produção, começaram a atacar qualquer limitação dos mecanismos de mercado por parte do Estado”, bem como também repete o dito em à página 337 (“A economia de mercado é incompatível com a intervenção do Estado...”) e 338 (“Segundo os neoliberais, o objetivo fundamental da política econômica é propiciar o funcionamento flexível do mercado, eliminando todos os obstáculos que se levantam à livre competência”). Bom, se é assim, como é que tão à vontade se sente para afirmar que são propostas do neoliberalismo a “intervenção econômica” e a “redução do superávit comercial”? Aqui, um pouquinho só de lógica e bom-senso não fariam mal à Dra Lakatos!



Mais adiante, ainda na página 339, deparamo-nos com uma pérola do rigor da sociodologia lakatista, quando ela propõe serem o FMI, o BIRD e a OMC(10) “os principais órgãos de defesa das idéias e práticas do neoliberalismo”. Ora, o Fundo Monetário Internacional – FMI e o Banco Internacional de Reconstrução e Desenvolvimento - BIRD, foram criados por Harry Dexter White, com a colaboração de John Mainard Jeynes. O primeiro era um autêntico new dealer(11) de Roosevelt e o segundo, um socialista Fabiano(12)! Lord Keynes, ele próprio, afirmou sobre o FMI que era “essencialmente uma concepção socialista”(13).



CONCLUSÃO



Poderíamos ter analisado toda a obra, porém, aqui nos detivemos principalmente no capítulo supramencionado com a intenção de mostrar as falácias abundantes que se cometem no altar da ideologia.


Do subtítulo “Neoliberalismo”, desejamos demonstrar que a) a autora alcunha os liberais com um termo que eles próprios jamais se utilizaram para se auto-definirem; b) Atribui a eles aspectos doutrinários que não se lhes pertencem; c) Adota a política dos “liberals” norte-americanos, de índole centralista e socialista, como se fossem as doutrinas dos liberais propriamente; d) Inventa não se sabe de onde que Hayek é o fundador do neoliberalismo por meio de sua obra O caminho da servidão, e o que é mais absurdo, em conjunto com Milton Friedman; e e) descreve com notável confusão a criação do FMI, do BIRD e da OMC.

Some-se ao já mencionado que a autora, num primor de falta de isenção, simplesmente negou qualquer conceituação por parte dos intelectuais liberais sobre si próprios e sobre a doutrina que defendem, mas antes, as fez pela pena de notórios militantes marxistas e defensores do estado absolutista tais como Jacob Gorender (p.332, em “Globalização”), Emir Sader (p. 335), Perry Anderson (p.336) e Anthony Giddens (p.340).

Os pontos elencados no presente artigo não esgotam toda crítica ao texto de Eva Maria Lakatos. Poupamos o leitor de uma leitura mais cansativa. De qualquer forma, ao consultar a citada obra, com as linhas gerais que aqui discutimos o leitor já terá subsídios suficientes para flagrar praticamente em cada linha o desapreço da socióloga pelo rigor científico em proveito do abnegado engajamento político-ideológico.

Isto se verifica, sobretudo, pelo acúmulo de afirmações totalmente desprovidas de um desenvolvimento intelectual ou de uma apresentação honesta de dados, tal como a que se encontra à p. 340: “o resultado mais prolongado do neoliberalismo tem sido a formação de uma sociedade dual, ou seja, um pequeno setor de integrados e outro de pessoas que vão tornando-se excluídas”.

Para alunos de 2º grau ou acadêmicos jovens, a maioria de formação deficiente, Lakatos introduz com relativa facilidade suas idéias políticas pessoais como o pretenso resultado de um sério e isento estudo sociológico. Isto também aconteceu devido a um prolongado cochilo por parte de quem sabia das incorreções e nada fez para acusá-las. Todavia, pouco a pouco, este tempo está mudando, e já é hora de separarmos aqueles que fazem da Sociologia uma disciplina séria (se isto for possível) dos “sociólogros”, militantes que se aproveitam da mente aberta dos jovens como oficina para seus trabalhos de doutrinação ideológica.

__________________
Klauber Cristofen Pires
 é Bacharel em Ciências Náuticas no Centro de Instrução Almirante Braz de Aguiar, em Belém, PA. Técnico da Receita Federal com cursos na área de planejamento, gestão pública e de licitações e contratos administrativos. Dedicado ao estudo autoditada da doutrina do liberalismo, especialmente o liberalismo austríaco. Possui artigos publicados no Mídia Sem Máscara, Diego Casagrande, Domínio Feminino, O Estatual e Instituto Liberdade. Em 2006, foi condecorado como "Colaborador Emérito do Exército", pelo Comando Militar da Amazônia.

Site: http://libertatum.blogspot.com

 

NOTAS:

[1] LAKATOS, Eva Maria e MARCONI, Marina de Andrade. Sociologia geral. 7.ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2006. Ps. 320 a 341. 

[2] HAYEK, Friedrich August von. O caminho da servidão / Friedrich August von Hayek; tradução e revisão Anna Maria Capovilla, José Ítalo Stelle e Liane de Morais Ribeiro. — 5. ed. — Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Liberal, 1990. 221 p. [N. do Editor: para fazer o download do livro "O caminho da servidão" clique aqui.]

[3] MISES, Ludwig von. Ação Humana – Um tratado sobre economia. 3. ed. Tradução de Donald Stewart Jr II. Rio de Janeiro: Instituo Liberal, 1990, 872 p.) [N. do Editor: para fazer o download do livro "Ação Humana"clique aqui.]

[4] MISES, Ludwig von. Liberalism in the Classical Tradition. 3. ed. San Francisco: Cobden Press, 1985. Disponível para download em http://mises.org/books/liberalism.pdf.

[5] Do original da edição em inglês: 

The term “liberalism” from the Latin “líber” meaning “free”, referred originally to the philosophy of freedom. It still retained this meaning in Europe when this book was written (1927) so that readers who opened its covers expected an analysis of the freedom philosophy of classical liberalism. Unfortunately, however, in recent deades, “liberalism” has come to mean something very different. The word has been taken over, especially in United States, by philosophical socialists and used by them to refer to their government intervention and “welfare state” programs. As one example among many possible ones, former U.S. Senator Joseph S. Clark, Jr., when he was Mayor of Philadelphia, described the modern “liberal” position very frankly in these words:

To lay a ghost at the outset and to dismiss semantics, a liberal is here defined as one who believes in utilizing the full force of government for the advancement of social, political, and economic justice at the municipal, state, national, and international levels…A liberal believes government is a proper tool to use in the development of a society which attempts to carry Christian principles of conduct into pratical effect. (Atlantic, July 1953, p. 27)

[6] Por convicção pessoal, somente escrevo “estado” com a inicial minúscula (exceto em citações de outrem).

[7] Jornal Zero Hora do dia 6/10/2005. Disponível em http://www.direitosdocontribuinte.com.br/page93.htm

[8] Sistema monetário cujo meio circulante é representado pelo ouro, em moeda cunhada ou barra, ou ainda ou por notas bancárias totalmente conversíveis (o possuidor das notas pode resgatar o ouro em qualquer banco). Para saber mais, ver RATTI, Bruno. Comércio Internacional e Câmbio. 10.ed.. São Paulo Aduaneiras. 2001 p. 28).

[9] Atualmente a forma monetária utilizada em todo o mundo, trata-se de moeda sem lastro em ouro ou outro bem precioso, cujo valor e circulação decorre da força da lei. Para saber mais, ver RATTI, Bruno. Comércio Internacional e Câmbio. 10.ed. São Paulo Aduaneiras. 2001. p. 33).

[10] Para saber mais, ver RATTI, Bruno. Comércio Internacional e Câmbio. 10.ed. São Paulo Aduaneiras. 2001. ps. 262-271).

[11] Praticamente todos os grandes giros da economia moderna no sentido centralizador e socializante do Estado previdenciário foram planejados por socialistas fabianos. Só para dar uma idéia do alcance da sua influência, os planos de governo de três dos mais poderosos — e dos mais estatizantes — dentre os presidentes dos EUA, Roosevelt, Kennedy e Johnson, foram diretamente copiados de obras de autores fabianos e adotaram até seus títulos: o “New Deal” de Roosevelt é um livro de Stuart Chase, a “New Frontier” de Kennedy um livro de Henry Wallace, e a “Great Society” de Johnson um livro do próprio Graham Wallas. (CARVALHO, Olavo de. A mão direita da esquerda. Artigo eletrônico (09/06/2001) disponível emhttp://www.olavodecarvalho.org/semana/dirdaesq.htm. Acessado em 22/12;2008.).

[12] GARCIA, Alceu (Pseudônimo). A teoria econômica de Lord Keynes e a lógica triunfante de seu tempo. Artigo eletrônico (19/03/2003), disponível em http://www.olavodecarvalho.org/convidados/0138.htm. Acessado em 22/12/2008).

[13] CARVALHO, Olavo de. A mão direita da esquerda. Artigo eletrônico (09/06/2001) disponível emhttp://www.olavodecarvalho.org/semana/dirdaesq.htm. Acessado em 22/12;2008.

 

Fonte: www.endireitar.org


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