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AFINAL, O QUE É MOTIVAÇÃO?
- Details
- Category: Sociologia
- Created on Sunday, 06 January 2013 00:13
- Published on Saturday, 05 January 2013 22:12
- Hits: 189
Escrito por Luiz Marins
Em quase todas as reuniões de empresa que participo, os dirigentes falam que seus funcionários precisam de "motivação". Muitos me pedem "programas de motivação" para seus empregados.
Afinal, o que é motivação? Como conseguir empregados motivados? Serão salários altos? Serão programas de incentivo? O que fazer?
A primeira coisa que precisamos deixar bem claro é que ninguém "motiva" ninguém. É a própria pessoa que se auto-motiva. Motivar é ter "motivos". Ter motivos para trabalhar, para se dedicar, para se comprometer, para querer vencer, para querer aprender, para se dedicar àquilo que faz.
O que a empresa deve e pode fazer é criar as contingências necessárias à motivação. Isto quer dizer criar um "clima" em que as pessoas sintam-se motivadas a empreender e fazer o que seja necessário. Nas pesquisas que temos feito com várias empresas temos visto que o salário e um bom pacote de remuneração é importante - sem isso, como fator básico, é muito difícil conseguir-se empregados motivados. Mas o salário e benefícios pecuniários e que tais, não são suficientes. Conheço empresas em que as pessoas ganham muito e não são totalmente comprometidas com o sucesso da empresa, de seus clientes, de seus mercados, de suas marcas.
Temos visto que os principais fatores de motivação hoje são AUTONOMIA E INICIATIVA. A empresa deve ser capaz de oferecer a seus funcionários a autonomia necessária para que possam exercer sua criatividade e tomar decisões e até, como temos dito, errar. Sem autonomia, as pessoas sentem-se numa rotina massacrante que embota a criatividade e faz com que elas não se comprometam com o que fazem. Dê o nome que quiser: empowerment ou delegação. Mas promova a autonomia em sua empresa. Deixe as pessoas tentarem, experimentarem, fazerem
O segundo é a iniciativa. A iniciativa é uma decorrência direta da autonomia. Há que se valorizar funcionários que tenham iniciativa. Um grande empresário me disse: "Prefiro empregados que tenho que 'segurar' do que empregados que tenho que 'empurrar'." Numa empresa em que a iniciativa é punida ou desencorajada não pode haver motivação.
O ser humano precisa de desafios. Quer ser desafiado. Quer poder fazer, tentar, experimentar e só assim sentirá orgulho de si próprio. Esse "orgulho" é que o fará um ser "motivado".
Nesta semana, pense nisso. Dê autonomia e iniciativa a seu pessoal e você verá a diferença e conhecerá uma empresa em que as pessoas são "motivadas".
AS ARMADILHAS DO EXCESSO DE PENSAMENTO POSITIVO
- Details
- Category: Sociologia
- Created on Saturday, 05 January 2013 20:42
- Published on Saturday, 05 January 2013 18:41
- Hits: 197
Escrito por: Luiz Marins
David Collinson, professor da Lancaster University Management School, da Inglaterra, publicou na revista Leadership (vol.8 n.2 - May 2012) um inte- ressante artigo chamado ''A Liderança Prozac e os Limites do Pensamento Positivo''.
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ATINGINDO OBJETIVOS E METAS
- Details
- Category: Sociologia
- Created on Saturday, 05 January 2013 20:15
- Published on Saturday, 05 January 2013 18:13
- Hits: 242
Escrito por: Luiz Marins, PH.D.
Na noite anterior à caçada, os aborígines australianos, com quem vivi e estudei durante mais de um ano, fazem a dança da caça onde uma parte do grupo faz o papel da caça e outra parte o dos caçadores.
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SOCIÓLOGOS E SOCIÓLOGROS
- Details
- Category: Sociologia
- Created on Friday, 02 January 2009 00:00
- Published on Friday, 27 July 2012 00:01
- Hits: 268
Autor: Klauber Cristofen Pires O artigo que se desdobra a seguir tem como objetivo formular uma crítica ao capítulo 15 da obra Sociologia Geral(1) intitulado “Degradação Social, Globalização e Neoliberalismo”, de autoria de Eva Maria Lakatos. O livro tem como co-autora Marina de Andrade Marconi, todavia, aparentemente, ela não tem participação no capítulo em comento, conforme se entende a partir da “Nota da Autora à 6ª Edição”, às fls. 19 e 20.
O Neoliberalismo surgiu depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial na Europa e América do Norte (Estados Unidos e Canadá), quando dominava o capitalismo clássico do século passado.
A começar, não há quem, dentre as diversas "correntes liberais", intitule a si mesmo como “neoliberal”. Há algumas diferenças entre os que se inclinam para o liberalismo clássico, ou da “escola de Chicago” ou entre os da chamada “escola austríaca”, todavia, os preceitos fundamentais permanecem os mesmos, de modo que a alcunha “neoliberal” deve-se não a eles mesmos, mas a seus adversários ideológicos, os adeptos de teorias socialistas. Na verdade, há algo mais sobre este fato, que será comentado com mais detalhes logo adiante.
O fato de que este livro foi escrito com vistas apenas ao público inglês não parece ter prejudicado seriamente sua inteligibilidade pelo leitor americano. Há, porém uma questão de terminologia sobre a qual devo aqui dar uma explicação, a fim de prevenir mal-entendidos. Uso a todo momento a palavra "liberal" em seu sentido originário, do século XIX, que é ainda comumente empregado na Inglaterra. Na linguagem corrente nos Estados Unidos, seu significado é com freqüência quase o oposto, pois, para camuflar-se, movimentos esquerdistas deste país, auxiliados pela confusão mental de muitos que realmente acreditam na liberdade, fizeram com que "liberal" passasse a indicar a defesa de quase todo tipo de controle governamental. Interrogo-me ainda, perplexo, sobre a razão pela qual os que de fato crêem em liberdade neste país não só permitiram que a esquerda se apropriasse desse termo quase insubstituível, mas chegaram a colaborar nessa manobra, passando a usá-lo em sentido pejorativo. Isso é lamentável sobretudo porque daí resultou a tendência de muitos verdadeiros liberais a se autodenominarem conservadores. (grifos nossos) Hayek é um dos ícones do liberalismo “austríaco”, discípulo de Ludwig von Mises; ora, se alguma obra haveria de ser considerada fundante, seria talvez Ação Humana(3), um magistral tratado no qual o grande mestre judeu-austríaco lança a Praxeologia (estudo da ação humana) e demonstra a inviabilidade do sistema econômico socialista pela impossibilidade de serem praticados preços de mercado.
O termo “liberalismo”, do latim “líber” significando “livre”, refere-se originalmente à filosofia da liberdade. Ainda manteve-se na Europa quando este livro foi escrito (1927) de modo que os leitores que abriram suas capas esperavam uma análise da filosofia da liberdade do liberalismo clássico. Desafortunadamente, contudo, em décadas recentes, “liberalismo” tem vindo a significar algo muito diferente. A palavra foi roubada, especialmente nos Estados Unidos, por socialistas filosóficos e usada por eles para se referir à intervenção governamental e a programas de “bem-estar social”. Como um exemplo dentre muitos possíveis, o ex Senador dos EUA Joseph S. Clark Jr., quando era prefeito da Filadélfia, descreveu a moderna posição “liberal” muito francamente nestes termos: (grifos nossos)
Como se pode compreender concretamente, o termo “liberal”, nos Estados Unidos, representa uma corrente ideológica de esquerda, e portanto, totalmente estranha à doutrina liberal. Com efeito, tradutores e repórteres brasileiros mal-informados ou mau-intencionados freqüentemente têm tomado esta classe de “novos liberais” e suas políticas decorrentes (eles são numerosos no seio do partido democrata), como os representantes do liberalismo, pecado ou engodo que Eva Lakatos deu continuidade, como se lê à p. 337: “A própria política neoliberal não significa diminuição da intervenção do Estado, mas redirecionamento que reforça as desigualdades e as contradições sociais”.
Bom, pra quem acha que viu tudo, ainda há mais, como, por exemplo, na seguinte frase, à p. 339:
A política neoliberal não tem como objetivo único apenas proporcionar boas oportunidades comerciais às empresas dos países desenvolvidos. É também uma forma de assegurar que os países do Terceiro Mundo sejam uma fonte de suprimento e insumos estratégicos, como petróleo, metais raros, minerais nucleares e material genético. Aqui não dá para não perceber a adesão de Lakatos à teoria da dependência colonialista, segundo a qual os países pobres são explorados por servir como fonte de matéria-prima. Ora, o que a história empiricamente tem demonstrado é justamente o contrário: cada vez mais, as indústrias estão se transferindo dos países desenvolvidos para os países em desenvolvimento, em busca de menores custos tributários e trabalhistas, com destaque para a China, a Índia, a Malásia, Indonésia e Tailândia, e até mesmo o Brasil e o México. Ademais, o fato de um país pobre comerciar recursos extrativistas somente dá conta da medida em que tem condições atualmente de participar, dentro da ordem natural das coisas; porém, com o tempo, poderá passar a abrigar primeiro as indústrias de menor tecnologia e maior necessidade, como as confecções e as fábricas de alimentos, para então paulatinamente incorporar plantas mais complexas. Ninguém será capaz de negar a pujança econômica e tecnológica atual da Austrália, porém ela começou exatamente como o Nordeste brasileiro: plantando cana e criando cabras e ovelhas!
c – debilidade do governo; Fico a pensar porque alguém, em sã consciência, propugnaria pela “debilidade” do governo. Do dicionário eletrônico do Aurélio, buscamos os seguintes significados para o termo “debilidade”: [Do lat. debilitate.] S. f. 1. Qualidade ou estado de débil; falta de vigor ou energia (física ou psíquica); fraqueza. 2. Frouxidão, tenuidade, leveza. Nossa pergunta é: por que motivo a autora afirmou isto, se já havia enumerado no item “a” a “reforma e redução do Estado”? Por quê os liberais propugnam pela fraqueza ou frouxidão do governo? Não está para nós respondermos...
Quanto aos itens f (intervenção econômica) e i (redução do superávit comercial), a autora realiza um verdadeiroloop do nonsense. Ora, ela mesma já havia informado à página 336 que “os neoliberais, considerando esta interferência como a principal crise do sistema capitalista de produção, começaram a atacar qualquer limitação dos mecanismos de mercado por parte do Estado”, bem como também repete o dito em à página 337 (“A economia de mercado é incompatível com a intervenção do Estado...”) e 338 (“Segundo os neoliberais, o objetivo fundamental da política econômica é propiciar o funcionamento flexível do mercado, eliminando todos os obstáculos que se levantam à livre competência”). Bom, se é assim, como é que tão à vontade se sente para afirmar que são propostas do neoliberalismo a “intervenção econômica” e a “redução do superávit comercial”? Aqui, um pouquinho só de lógica e bom-senso não fariam mal à Dra Lakatos!
__________________ Site: http://libertatum.blogspot.com
NOTAS:
Fonte: www.endireitar.org |
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